What is the function of a corrugated washer? Why is there a thickened layer on the outer edge?

　　Wave WasherIt is a thin annular elastic metal component composed of many crests and troughs. It is made of high-quality spring steel, heat-treated by a special method, and then its hardness is controlled according to requirements. The wave washer is mainly installed in a hole corresponding to its specification, with a small installation space, and has the function of noise reduction and vibration damping. It is mainly used to protect the surface of the connected parts from being scratched by the nut and to share the pressure of the nut on the connected parts.

　　Wave washers can increase the contact area, reduce stress concentration on the fastened parts, prevent damage to the fastened parts, and effectively prevent the nut from loosening. The main functions of the wave washer are as follows, and reasonable use can yield great benefits.

　　The large rebound of the wave washer is the optimization goal. A wave washer elastic optimization design method based on the connection system tightness analysis is established, and the design calculation software is compiled to meet the requirements of the standardization and parametric design of the wave washer elasticity. The load-deformation response relationship of the wave washer for bolt flange connection under axial load is calculated, simulated and experimentally studied by using the finite element analysis method and compression rebound performance experiment. The calculation results are in good agreement with the experimental data, indicating that the finite element analysis model proposed in this paper can be used to study the mechanical behavior of the wave washer.

　　Based on the consideration of gasket and bolt creep, the wave washer, bolt, flange and gasket are regarded as a hyperstatic system, and the deformation coordination equation of the connection system with wave washer at high temperature is established, and the tightness analysis method is improved. The results show that the wave washer can not only effectively compensate for the system relaxation caused by bolt and gasket creep, but also compensate for the flange deflection and bolt tension to a certain extent, thus effectively solving the problem of medium leakage caused by the reduction of residual stress of the gasket at high temperature.

　　Why is there a thickened layer on the outer edge of the base of the wave washer?

　　The upper surface of the wave washer is provided with an inner arc surface. The manufacturing process is simple, the structure is reasonable, and the wave washer has good elasticity. Changing the original plane contact to inner arc surface contact effectively reduces the working stress of the fixture, making the fixing firm and the positioning accurate. In addition, the thickened layer design extends the service life of the fixed parts and improves work efficiency. Because the wave washer is composed of multiple layers of materials, the K curve of the same compression stroke is gentler than WL, which is suitable for situations with large elasticity and uniform elasticity release throughout the working stroke.